Production Plan Scheduling Rule

1, FCFS(first come, first served). Jobs are processed in the sequence in which they entered the shop.
2, SPT(shortest processing time). Jobs are sequenced in increasing order of their processing times. The job with the shortest processing time is first, the job with the next shortest processing time is second, and so on.
3, EDD(earliest due date). Jobs are sequenced in increasing order of their due dates. The job with the earliest due date is first, the job with the next earliest due date is second, and so on.
4, CR(critical ratio). Critical ratio scheduling requires forming the ratio of the processing time of the job, divided by the remaining time until the due date, and scheduling the job with the largest ratio next.

生产计划安排的规则

1，先到先服务。需要安排的生产任务，按照到达的先后顺序进行安排。
2，最短工序时间原则。生产任务安排从工序时间最短的开始安排。工序时间最短的最先加工，次短的第二加工，依次安排。
3，最早交货期规则。按照交货期递增的顺序安排生产。交货期最早的第一个安排，然后再安排交货期次早的，依次安排。
4，紧急率。根据不同工序的加工时间、距离交货期的时间设定每个工序的紧急率。按照紧急率从大到小的顺序安排。

Study the Spirit of Hsuan Tsang

‘The Journey to the West’ is very famous in China, and every Chinese know this story. In the story, Hsuan Tsang(a Buddhist monk in the Tang Dynasty) was protected by 3 students. In real history, Hsuan Tsang went to India to study the Buddhism only himself. I am very moved by real story of Hsuan Tsang.
1, Undergoes all conceivable hardships and do not change his mind
In the year of 628, Hsuan Tsang was 28 and wanted to go to India to study Buddhism. At that time, the government did not allow people to go abroad. Hsuan Tsang experienced many hardships to go abroad. When he walked through the deserts, and once had no water to drink in 4 days. He would rather die than went back. At last, he came to India.
2, Does not want luxury life
In the year of 629, he came to a country, Gaochang. The king believed in Buddhism, and he gave Hsuan Tsang a big welcome. He want the Hsuan Tsang to stay in his country, but Hsuan Tsang insisted to leave and did not eat to reject the request. At last, the king agreed with Hsuan Tsang, and became brother with Hsuan Tsang. The king let Hsuan Tsang leave, and invited him teach 3 years in his country when he came back.
3, Does not want high official
In the year 645, Hsuan Tsang returned the Capital of China, Changan. He got a big welcome from the Chinese government. The emperor invited him to work for government and become a high officer, but Hsuan Tsang refused. He translated the books which he brought back from India and wrote books. These books are very valuable to study Buddhism and history today.

学习榜样唐玄装

《西游记》在中国家喻户晓，电视剧中的唐玄装有3个徒弟保护，可是真实的唐玄装却是一个人去印度取经的。唐玄装求学经历感人至深。
1，历尽辛苦不回头
唐太宗贞观三年(629)，自长安出发去印度取经，时年玄奘二十八岁。当时的政府明令不许百姓私自出国，各主要道路关隘的稽查很严，然而玄奘意志坚决，终得偷出国门。当他渡过八百里沙漠时，曾有四日四夜无一滴水入口，然玄奘决心已定，发誓："宁可向西走一步就死去，也决不向东一步以求生"，终于冒险西行数万里到达印度。
2，舒适生活不动心
628年到达高昌（今高昌故城）。高昌王麴文泰笃信佛教，在深夜手持蜡烛亲自出宫相迎，给予最高礼遇，欲强留玄奘，长期供养。玄奘决意西行求法，并以绝食相拒。麴文泰只好作罢，与玄奘结为兄弟，请他取经后再回高昌。
3，高官厚禄不动心
645年（贞观十九年）正月二十五日返回长安。史载当时“道俗奔迎，倾都罢市”。唐太宗亲自接见，慰勉有加，劝其还俗出仕。面对高官厚禄，玄奘婉言辞谢，在弘福寺译经并完成《大唐西域记》，记录所见所闻，成为一部珍贵的历史文献。

User Solutions,Inc会社紹介

User Solutions,Incはアメリカのソフト会社です。会社のソフトは生産計画スケジュールソフトです。1991年設立、設立より17年経過しています。主なソフトは、生産計画のスケジュールソフトです　

The Introduction of User Solutions, Inc

User Solutions.Inc. is an American company which provides production plan scheduling software. The name is very good, to provide solution to customers. Established in 1991, it has 17 years history. Its products are very specialization, only the scheduling software.
User Solutions products were developed by Excel in the early years, and used the VBA language. Products price is from twenty dollars to hundreds dollars. Several years ago, it developed the RMDB which based on the database. It can be used by several people at same time, it is the main product for the company now.
This company website provides the demo of RMX which is based on Excel. If you are interested in the product, you can download it from the website: http://www.usersolutions.com/

User Solutions,Inc介绍

User Solutions,Inc. 是一家美国开发生产计划排程软件的美国企业。公司名字十分好，翻译成汉语就是：客户解决方案。这家成立于1991年，现在已经走过了17个年头，产品十分专一，只从事生产计划排程软件的开发。
User Solutions早年的作品都是基于Excel开发，利用后台的VBA语言。从几十美元到几百美元的产品都有。几年前开发了基于数据库的产品RMDB，可以多人同时操作，这也是目前该公司的主打产品。
该公司网站提供利用Excel开发的生产排程产品RMX的试用版，感兴趣的人可以其网站免费下载。该公司网站http://www.usersolutions.com/

The Introduction of Asprova

The Asprova is a famous company in the field of production plan scheduling in the world. This company began to sell products from the year of 1994. Now, over 1000 factories in the world use the products of this company. This company business has two characters: 1, specialization, only produces the production plan scheduling software; 2, internationalization, sell the products all over the world, the website has 5 languages.
The characters of the products:
1, can make production plan, material requirement plan, capacity plan and workshop scheduling; 2, can deal with the time relationship between different procedures, bottle resources, equipment maintenance, equipment load balance and minimize setup time;
3, can make the plan which is second class precision, shorten the production cycle and cut the storage and delivery on time.

Asprova介绍

Asprova是现在世界上做的很成功的生产计划排程软件公司。该公司的生产排程产品从1994开始销售到现在已经有14年的历史。现在全世界已经有一千多家工厂使用该公司产品。该公司经营呈两个特点：1，专业化，只做生产计划排程软件；2，国际化，销往世界各地，其网站就有5种语言。
该公司产品特点：
1可完成ERP的生产计划、物料需求计划、能力计划并编制车间进度的工作；
2 能灵活的处理工序之间的时间制约关系、瓶颈资源、定期/定量的设备检修、设备的负载平衡、准备工作的最小化等问题；
3 能以秒单位向工厂的每一台机器设备或者工作人员发出高精度的生产指令，进一步缩短生产周期，削减库存，实现准时交货。

私は生産能力計算のために Excelをつかいます。

私は生産能力計算のために　Excelをつかいます。
部品の数を知っていたら、Excelで設備能力のけいさんができます。
受注の数により部品ごとに使用する設備と作業工程、時間をけいさんします
　私は　Excelで　二つの表を　作成しました。

表1
部品　工程 需要量 　使用設備 加工時間(小時/件)
A 1 30 E1 0.1
A 2 30 E2 0.1
B 1 40 E1 0.1
B 2 40 E2 0.1
C 1 50 E1 0.1
C 2 50 E2 0.2
表2
設備 加工時間(小時)
E1 12
E2 17

表2は　設備の総加工時間を計算するために、“sumif”関数を使う必要です。

The Cost Range of APS(Advanced Planning and Scheduling)

Spreadsheets are a very popular means of performing an APS function and are available for a hundred dollars or so. Low end APS systems cost on the order of several hundred or a thousand dollars. Mid-range APS systems cost several tens of thousands of dollars to install. The most expensive APS systems generally cost about $500,000 to install, where half to two thirds of the cost is consulting fees to customize the system to a particular process.

APS(生产计划排程)的市场价格情况

Excel是最常用的生产排程工具，只有100多美元。低端的APS系统价值几百或者一千美元。中端的APS系统将价值几千美元。最贵的APS系统达到50万美元。其中2/3的成本都花在咨询费上，根据特定的生产过程配置APS系统。

Using Excel to Compute the Equipment Capacity

If you know the sub-products amount required, you can use Excel to compute the equipment capacity required.
The required basic data include: the procedures for each sub-product, the equipment for each procedure and the processing time.
You need to make two sheets in Excel.
Sheet1
sub-product procedure amount equipment time(hours/piece)
A 1 30 E1 0.1
A 2 30 E2 0.1
B 1 40 E1 0.1
B 2 40 E2 0.1
C 1 50 E1 0.1
C 2 50 E2 0.2
Sheet2
equipment time (hours)
E1 12
E2 17
You need to use the “sumif” function in sheet2 to summarize the total time of each equipment.

利用Excel计算订单要求的生产能力

如果知道需要单品数量，可以利用Excel计算需要的设备能力。
需要的基础数据包括：每个单品加工的工序，每个工序都用到什么设备，加工时间是多少。
在Excel中需要建立两个表
表1
单品 工序 需求量 使用设备 加工时间(小时/件)
A 1 30 E1 0.1
A 2 30 E2 0.1
B 1 40 E1 0.1
B 2 40 E2 0.1
C 1 50 E1 0.1
C 2 50 E2 0.2

表2
设备 加工时间(小时)
E1 12
E2 17
表2需要使用Excel中的sumif函数来汇总表1中各个设备的总加工时间

Using Excel to Make the Production Plan

Excel is used very often, it is also very powerful. I think, how far you can imagine, how powerful it will be. The following is an example to use Excel to make production plan.
If your company’s products are assembly products, and you manufactures the sub-products and assemble the products. When you get order from customers, you need to compute how much sub-products are needed, so you can assign the manufacture plan inside and outsourcing plan.
How do you achieve this by Excel?
You establish a two dimension table:
AA BB CC
10 20 30 sub-product amount
A 1 1 0 30
B 1 0 1 40
C 0 1 1 50
The AA,BB and CC are assembly products in above table. The requirement for AA,BB and CC is 10,20 and 30. AA need 1 A and 1 B to assemble. BB need 1 A and 1 C to assemble. CC need 1 B and 1 C to assemble.
Then, you can calculate, you need 30 A, 40 B and 50 C.
To calculate the requirement for sub-products, you need to product two rows. You had better use the “SUMPRODUCT” function, it will become easy. You can know the detail of this function by searching on the internet

利用Excel安排生产计划

Excel是个常用的表格工具，它的功能也非常强。可以说，您的想象力有多丰富，它的功能就有多强。下面介绍用Excel安排生产计划。
用个一般的例子，如果您的企业生产的产品以组装品为主，企业内部进行单品的加工和组装。您接到组装品的订单，您需要计算出来这些组装品需要单品数量，您才能进行内部生产安排和外协采购。
用Excel如何来实现这个功能呢？
您建立下面一个2维表格，
AA BB CC
10 20 30 单品数量
A 1 1 0 30
B 1 0 1 40
C 0 1 1 50
上面表格的含义是AA,BB,CC是组装品，AA,BB,CC需求量分别10,20,30个。AA组装品由1个A,1个B;BB由1个A,1个C组成;CC由1个B,1个C组成。
可以计算出来，A需求量是30,B需求量是40,C需求量是50。
计算单品需求量相当于两行相乘，最好用sumproduct函数来计算，具体该函数的使用方法可以在网上查询。

Never Speak “NO” to Customers

Never speak NO to your customers.
If your customers can bring you big profit, that is best.
Sometimes, it is not easy to meet customer’s request, you need hard work. In this time, please do not speak NO to your customers. You can tell your customers what condition and cost in necessary to meet customer’s request. Sometimes, you can not meet customer’s request, you can say that you will try to find if others can meet customer’s request.
We do not say NO to customers, we should also treat other people in this way, such as boss, friends and suppliers. Why not say NO to others?

永远不对客户说”不”

对客户永远不要说不。
如果客户的购买会给您带来丰厚的利润，那是最好不过了。
可也经常会，客户提出的要求，您需要非常麻烦才能做到。这个时候您不要对客户说不，您要告诉客户，满足他的要求需要具备什么条件，需要多少成本才能完成，让客户自己权衡。 也可能客户的要求您实在做不到，您可以对客户说，可以帮助其找找其它人看看能不能做到。
我们对客户如此，我们对其他人也应该是这样，对老板，对朋友，对供应商，为什么要对别人说不呢？

The Rule of Making Production Plan

After getting order from customers, the factories need to make the production plan.
What is the rule to make production plan?
I think that to make the production cost as low as possible is the rule to make the production plan. In this way, the factories can reduce the cost, and become more competitive.
Usually, customer’s order is not even, sometimes more, sometimes less. If the factories make the production plan according the order, sometimes workers need to work extra hours to finish the orders, sometime workers have not enough work to do.
If the factories make the production plan in a even way, when orders are less, workers work full load, and overstock products. When orders are more, the factories can delivery these products on hand, and workers need not to work extra hours. In this way, in the long time, the production cost is low.

生产安排的宗旨

接到客户订单后，就要安排生产。
生产安排以什么为宗旨？
我觉得应该以生产成本最低为宗旨，这样才能降低产品成本，进而增强产品竞争力。
客户的订单可能不均衡，有的月份多，有的月份少。如果完全按照客户订单安排生产，有的月份需要加班加点完成任务，有的月份设备能力不能满负荷开动。
如果生产均衡安排，订单少的时候，设备尽量满负荷开动，积压一些在库。这样在订单多的月份就可以利用这些在库，不必加班完成任务。这样安排，长期的生产成本是要低的。

To Be a Good Manager

I think there are 3 important aspects for a good manager.

1, Be the employee’s model

Manager should be the employee’s model in following the company policy and controlling the cost. Usually, the employee follow the manager’s behavior, manager’s behavior is the main reason of bad executive and cost wasting. The company policy not only control the employee, but also control the manager, no one should be the exception. If the manager doesn’t follow the policy himself, how could the employee will follow the policy?

2, Respect the employee

In law, manager and employee are equal, only the duty is different. Manager should not think himself as a special person. If the manager does not respect the employee, how can he motivate the employee to work hard?

3, Share the wealth

If you hope others follow you, you should give others wealth as much as possible. The manager’s salary is higher than the employee’s, the manager should share the bonus with the employees. Chinese famous past general, such as Yue Fei, Qi Jiguang, they gave all the bonus which the emperor gave to their soldiers. If the manager can do such thing, the employee will try their best to work.

做一个好主管

我想做一个好主管要做好以下3点：

1，以身作则

以身作则表现在遵守公司制度和控制成本方面。上行下效，执行不力和铺张浪费往往都是主管带头的。主管制定的制度既是约束下级的，也是约束自身的，切不可有“刑不上士大夫”思想。自己做不到的事情去要求下级，如何能让人信服。

2，尊重下级

主管与下级都是法律意义上平等的人，只是职责不同。对下级人格必须尊重，切不可有高高在上，耀武扬威之感。不给与下级足够的尊重，如何去激励下级努力工作。

3，分享财富

让别人愿意跟随你，就要尽量给与别人更多的财富。主管的收入比下级高，其它方面的奖赏尽量与下级分享。古代名将岳飞，戚继光等，他们对皇帝赏赐的财宝，自己不留，都分给下级。跟着这样的主管，下级没有不拼命工作的。

Reduce the Business Trip Cost

To reduce the cost, every aspect should be considered in company.
Many companies can still save a lot in business trip.Now, usually people will take plane for long distance, and stay in star class hotel. One person will cost hundreds of dollars for business trip.
What problems need to solve in business trip?
1, Meeting. Several people discuss question together.
2,Visit the somewhere
3, Repairing.
Using the new development product, remote meeting software, you can solve many problems without business trip. A lot of people can discuss question in different places, it is similar to the face to face discussion. Someone can also do the presentation by his computer, others can see it. If you discuss to revise files, this function is enough.I know two remote meeting software, as follow:
http://www.webex.com/
http://www.gotomeeting.com/

降低出差成本

企业降低成本，要从方方面面考虑，许多企业出差成本还有很大下降余地。
现在稍远距离出差一般是飞机，住店往往是星级。一个人一次一般要几千元。
考虑一下出差要解决那些问题呢？
1，开会。几个人在一起讨论问题。
2，参观现场。
3，维修。
利用现代科技的产物，远程会议软件,您可以不用出差也解决很多问题。远程会议软件，可以几个人各自在不同的地方讨论问题，比几个人面对面讨论问题效果也差不多。也可以用某个人计算机做演示，其他人都能够看到。如果要讨论修改文件性内容，这个功能就足够了。我知道的两个远程会议软件，网址如下：
http://www.webex.com/
http://www.gotomeeting.com/

The Contact Way Should Make Progress with Time

1000 years ago, people communicate with letters.
100 years ago, there was telephone to use.
20 years ago, there was Email to use.
10 years ago, there was instant message software to use.
Now, instant message software is very convenient, such as skype, people can talk computer to computer, and also can use web camera.
Many company’s website contact way are behind the time development. Some have no Email, most have no instant message software as contact way, such as QQ, skype, msn, etc.I think it is pity. Telephone can communicate more quickly than Email, instant message software has this feature and also it is free. It likes the 800 telephone for the company.

联系方式应与时俱进

1000年前，人们的通信方式是信件。

100年前，出现了电话。

20年前，出现了Email。

10年前，即时通讯工具出现。

现在，采用即时通讯工具，如skype，可以计算机对计算机通话，也可以视频。

看到很多企业网站上联系方式落后于时代的发展。有的没有Email，多数都没有即时通讯工具的联系方式，如QQ,skype,msn等。我觉得这是件可惜的事情。电话比邮件方便的地方就是沟通速度快，而即时通讯工具就有这个特点，并且是免费的，相当于企业的免费800电话。

Company Cost Wasting

1, Buy the material with high price

It has close relationship with the purchase employee. The company can establish a computer system, some people can look at the price. This is a way to monitor the purchase employee.

2, The unqualified goods in the manufacture process

Give the employee more training, more concrete instruction, check more frequently

3, The equipment capacity do not utilize fully.

The production plan maker should use the most advanced tool to make best production plan.

4, Some employee have no enough work to do

To compute how much work every job needs, arrange every job more reasonable

5, Use wastefully

Save everything!

企业成本浪费

1，高价购买原材料

此项浪费与企业采购人员关系密切。可以建立一个系统，将购买部品价格信息在一定范围内可以公开查询，进行监督。

2，生产过程中不良品

加强员工培训，作业标准具体化，经常检查。

3，设备能力开动不足

生产计划制定者要对生产任务合理安排，利用最先进的手段，制定合理的生产计划。

4，人员闲置

计算每项工作任务量，合理安排每个人工作。

5，使用浪费

提高大家节约意识，避免浪费。